Why artificial intelligence (AI) cannot (yet) replace human artists

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer to be stopped. More and more areas of public life are being carried out - as are the artistic field.

Oxford study predicted that almost half of all jobs will be replaced by computers over the next 25 years. Jobs with analysis and routine tasks are most affected. Creative professions were therefore considered to be irreplaceable for a long time. According to the Future of Jobs Report 2018, the creativity is one of the most important skills for employees and managers.

Jack Ma , founder of Alibaba, confirmed this in an interview in 2018 and recommended that we should promote the skills that cannot be replaced by machines:

I think we should teach our children […] art - to be sure that they are different. ”

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Six years later, creativity as one of the last human supreme discipline is no longer as undisputed as Jack Ma claimed at the time. Nowadays, computers are quite "creative".

This leads to both new possibilities and too much concern with the question of whether art, created by humans, could soon be obsolete.

The merger of artificial intelligence (AI) and art is undoubtedly a fascinating and highly up -to -date topic, but this is associated with numerous challenges and new questions.

The rapid progress in AI technology raises such important ethical questions :

• Does AI affect the traditional form of creativity or opens up new ways for previously undiscovered artistic forms of expression?
• What does it actually mean to be "creative"?
• Can machines actually be viewed as artists?
• How does automation by AI affect different work areas?
• How does the use of AI influence our interpersonal relationships and society in general?
• What adjustments should educational systems make to prepare children for a world that is increasingly shaped by AI?
• What long -term consequences does the development of AI on business, politics and everyday life?
• And how can we make sure that AI is used as an inspiring tool and is not used abusive for manipulation or surveillance?

In the following we explore which perspectives and arguments can provide knowledge or even the first answers. Let us also consider standing reasons why the human creativity of the AI ​​will continue to be superior because of its (current) boundaries and weaknesses and why AI should be considered a tool than a threat.

Artificial intelligence in art - hope and threats at the same time

Our human desire to express us creatively is almost limitless and complex. We feel a deep longing for bringing our ideas and visions to life in different forms. 

However, if we are not a trained artist, designer, architects or musicians, our lack of skills, often set our lack.

Artificial intelligence (AI) nowadays has the unique ability to take on activities for which we lack the skills. By analyzing our text -based suggestions - so -called prompts - it can create inspiring works of art of impressive beauty. With the help of algorithms and machine learning, the AI ​​is able to easily convert our ideas into reality.

She can create paintings that reflect the depth of our emotions and inner thoughts. It also designs fashion collections that express our individual imagination and personal style. Writing music and composing melodies are also part of their versatile repertoire.

AI programs such as Midjourney and Dall-E are now able to create pictures within seconds that can partially be impressive. The user only needs a corresponding so -called so -called (German: request, specification). In a few words, he specifies the AI ​​what it should create. In this way, music, sounds, voices and videos can also be created.

Due to these seemingly infinite possibilities, the fear of artists is great that AI could soon make them superfluous. Who would pay a person if they can have the same work done for less money and in the shortest possible time by a AI?

One of the most prominent fears is concerned that artificial intelligence could make human creativity superfluous. After all, creativity is based on human experience, emotions and imagination - properties that have so far been considered purely human. Another concern is that the authentic analogue art could be displaced by artistic AI.

But as progressive as these programs may appear at first glance, they have their limits and security concerns, which will not make the demand for artists disappear so quickly. ”

Artificial intelligence and their creative use in art no new phenomenon

As already mentioned at the beginning, we already dealt with the concern in 2017/2018 that AI can displace human creativity and finally replace .

Artificial intelligence (AI) actually played a role in many areas of the creative industries in the two thousand years. As an example, some examples from the areas of film, design, art and music should be mentioned.

The diversity of the following examples of artificial creativity extended over various areas of media landscape and was based on neuronal networks and deep learning . An artificial neuronal network (KNN) combines nodes that are hierarchically arranged and transmit signals from an input layer to the output layer.

In the deep learning, the weightings are adapted in several passages in order to meet the requirements of the KNN. Artificial intelligence is based on KNNS and needs a variety of data during the training process. As a result, artificial creativity is to reinterpret existing ones instead of really creating new things.

film

The artificial intelligence Watson to create the trailer for the science fiction film "Morgan" For this purpose, 100 trailers of different horror films were visually and auditively analyzed, divided into sections and systematically categorized.

This analysis was developed by a template for an appealing film trailer. Based on these findings, the AI ​​selected suitable segments for "Morgan", which was then put together by a film team into a complete trailer.

Art

Deep Dream was an innovative software for pattern recognition, which Google developed to improve the image search. The algorithm was first presented in 2015 and is based on a highly developed neuronal network . This network was specially trained to precisely identify faces, dogs and other objects.

By skillful adaptation of the code, not only patterns could be recognized, but also certain areas of the image could be emphasized, which led to fascinating computer art. With each iteration step, the desired pattern was artificially reinforced, which could lead to impressive results that were sometimes psychedelic and sometimes unexpected.

Deep Art was an innovative software developed Leon Gatys at the renowned University of Tübingen By using advanced artificial intelligence, the individual style of a work of art was precisely analyzed and imitated in an executive.

At that time, the impressive results were so authentic that even with a demanding visual Turing test, most users were overwhelmed and only a few correct answers could. With Deep Art, users had the opportunity to upload their own pictures and to redesign them in the style of a selected work of art. The high -resolution version of the transformed image could also be purchased in order to create unique works of art.

design

In addition to aesthetics and functionality, specific parameters such as weight, size and stability in the event of a crash are crucial for the design of the interior . In the development of the partition in the new Airbus A320, a generative design used, which was supported by the design team using artificial intelligence.

They were inspired by the grid -like structure of a slime mushroom and a mammalian bone. There were numerous ways to construct this grid structure depending on the number of connecting points. By using artificial intelligence, the load -bearing capacity and efficiency of these structures were calculated and tested virtually. The design team opted for a favorite that was produced 3D printing

This innovative partition has been installed in A320 series aircraft since 2018.

Music

With AIVA , the innovative artificial intelligence of virtual artist music composed by limitless music in 2019/2020 - and that fully automatically through a AI. The neural network was trained with over 30,000 scores of different styles and analyzed the characteristic features, whereby the emotional effect of each composition was also taken into account.

The developers emphasized that Aiva was not developed to replace human composers, but rather to create high -quality soundtracks efficiently and in large quantities. This technology is particularly in demand in the video game industry , for example, where extensive musical accompanies are required to accompany up to a hundred hours of gameplay.

A fascinating project, financed by Telekom, planned the completion of Beethoven's tenth symphony - also known as "the unfinished" due to the only existing sketches. With the help of artificial intelligence, this legendary symphony should be completed in the Beethoven year 2020 and listed for the first time.

The composition will consist of two sentences and none of the participants know what will come out in the end ”,

so Matthias Röder.

This unique symphony took place in early 2022 and was able to celebrate Beethoven's 250th birthday.

Latest iteration step: generative AI

For about 2 years we have been speaking of generative AI and artificial intelligence instead of neuronal networks and deep learning as part of the last evolutionary steps of Chatgpt, Midjourney and Co.

Generative AI explained in 2 minutes

According to the definition of the AI ​​giant Google, artificial intelligence is used in the generative AI to create new content such as texts, images, music, audio and videos. This generative AI is based on extensive foundation models that are multitasking and can perform various predefined tasks such as summaries, question response, classifications and more.

In addition, these foundation models can be adapted to specific applications using low training, even with limited sample data.

How does generative KI work?

The use of generative artificial intelligence is based on a model of machine learning to recognize the structures and relationships within a data set of artificially created content. On the basis of these patterns recorded, new content is then generated.

The most common method for training a generative AI model is monitored learning . The model receives a collection of artificially created content as well as associated labels.

On this basis, it learns to generate similar content and to provide the same labels as the artificially created content.

Real creativity through machines?

Artificial intelligence is therefore still unable to create something really new by definition and inner logic structure, but only to reinterpret existing ones.

But what about human creativity? Can people actually create original works? Or is his creation just in the reinterpretation of existing works of art?

Human creativity

The concept of creativity as an outstanding property of a person was only created in the late 19th century. In the 18th century it was described as discoveries , while in the Middle Ages there was talk of divine inspiration

All of these names describe "the ability to overcome traditional ways of thinking and acting and to develop new, original ideas, methods or things."

From a psychological perspective, five key elements are required to develop creativity: talent, knowledge, motivation, a specific personality and the right environmental conditions.

Some people are naturally blessed with creative skills and have enough diligence and knowledge to solve complex problems with creative freedom. In all of these aspects, people are at eye level with the computer.

The neurobiological definition of creativity is more precise: creativity means "restructuring existing information" .

All experiences and experiences are stored and linked in the neural structures. This stored information is constantly checked and newly combined. Therefore, it is advisable to "take the time and to think about something in peace" . During creative phases, the content acquired are re-linked, which leads to the formation of new neuronal networks and ultimately leads to "new, original ideas, methods or things" , according to psychiatrist R. Holm-Hadulla, scientist J. Moeser and author K. Morr.

Limits and disadvantages of the generative AI

Certainly, AI can analyze huge data records in a short time what a person would never be able to do. But she still makes mistakes , like excess fingers on her hands or a double mouth. In addition, the result is often predictable , and a lot of precision in the prompt is necessary to achieve the desired result.

In the near future, a new job as a "prompt manufacturer" will certainly be developed, which specialize in creating suitable prompt for clients.

Despite progress in the AI, human creativity and uniqueness remain in view of art and literature. Although generative AI can support and do it better, it cannot reproduce the individual artistic vision or writing style of a person who has developed and refined it for years or decades.

The ability of artists and authors to contribute their unique voice (based on countless learning experiences, thinking processes, reflections, emotional conflicts and flights of height) remains crucial for the creation of works that are not imitated by AI.

In addition, AI lacks awareness of social, emotional or social factors - and thus a very central drive when creating art.

Although AI algorithms can create impressive works, the question of the deepest human experience and the real expression of emotions remains. Generative AI and their algorithms are only tools and cannot completely replace the creative vision and expressiveness of an artist. Real analog art has a special quality, a "mental depth" that is difficult to imitate. Artificial art remains artificial.

Analog works of art remain unique objects with a physical presence that AI cannot completely replace. Instead, we can use AI as a new form of artistic expression to expand our own creative limits and to renew our horizon. AI supports us in generating new ideas, finding unconventional approaches and improving our artistic skills.

In addition, there is the question of the author of the works. If an artist creates a picture, a song or a video, the matter is quite clear. But who owns the picture when the AI ​​has created it? The programmers of the software or the person who promptly fed the AI ​​with which?

Will artificial intelligence replace human artists?

The previous sections lead us all to this one question, which burns the artists among us so pressing under the nails: Is the human artist a staggering genus?

It becomes clear that a person creative is not so different from the functioning of KNNS, Deep Learning, Machine Learning and generative AI. No creative person invents something completely new out of nowhere.

Even if it seems that songs like "Yesterday" were written in sleep or have changed personalities such as Bill Gates, Steve Jobs or Elon Musk overnight. Ultimately, all innovative ideas and works of art are based on a long process of reinterpretation and combination of stored experiences and experiences.

Creativity is not a magical ability that is only reserved for a few lucky ones. ”

It is therefore not surprising that KIS with technological progress and more potent computer capacities are becoming increasingly imaginative. However, instead of giving up and completely handing over the artistic work, it makes more sense to see artificial creativity as a tool and use it for your own purposes.

Although AI in theory has access to the entire knowledge of the world, the limited individual perspective of the world is precisely that makes an artist. Your own life story and sometimes limited knowledge make art unique and personal.

Everything else could be done by a AI in the future.

My own personal view of things is that the AI ​​will continue its evolution and thereby carry out further border shifts in the creative industries and all of its participants. A song on human art is exaggerated. As we have seen, artificial intelligence has existed in parallel with human art for many years and has not led to a much conjured apocalypse among artists.

In my opinion, however, we will continue to see how existing business and employment models are under fire from creative people and are rethought or at least adapted. This will lead to many hybrid forms of semi-artistic creativity.

Instead of holding on to the Old World, those responsible in the government and institutions should rather ensure fair rules of the game and transparent conditions under all involved (keyword: copyrights and fair remuneration for their own creations and their use by large AI corporations such as Open AI, Google, and Co.).

AI and cyber security

The AI ​​raises a lot of questions regarding security, because it is not freed from manipulation and bias. The latter showed the controversy around the Gemini AI program from Google.

Hackers could also enter the AI ​​and manipulate them for their purposes or steal the users' data.

If you use the AI ​​regularly, countless data can accumulate within your account-whether personal information, financial data or the course with the prompt and results within the AI ​​program. protect safe access data under all circumstances If you use a password that is too weak, it is easy for hackers to get into your account

A password manager Nordpass can help you create strong passwords, not just for AI programs. On top of that, you can save and manage and manage your login data in the virtual safe and also access them on the go.

And also for artists who use AI as a tool in their creative process, compliance is of great importance.

This includes:

• A strong authentication method such as a two-factor authentication (2FA);
• The use of a VPN and an antivirus program for more cyber security in general;
• The regular update of the software to eliminate potential weaknesses
• Beware of dubious programs that recover the risk of data sales or malware;
• careful when passing on sensitive information or working with AI platforms and make sure that they are on strict Privacy guidelines and provisions

Joachim Rodriguez y Romero

Owner and managing director of Kunstplaza . Publicist, editor and passionate blogger in the field of art, design and creativity since 2011. Successful conclusion in web design as part of a university degree (2008). Further development of creativity techniques through courses in free drawing, expression painting and theatre/acting. Profound knowledge of the art market through many years of journalistic research and numerous collaborations with actors/institutions from art and culture.

www. kunstplaza .de/