Since the financial and real estate crisis around 2008/2009, the financial world has been underneath and over-including a euro crisis, the coping with years of low interest rates and unprecedented money floods at the markets, through corona pandemic, the energy price shock as a result of the Ukraine War, the persistent inflation, the increase in global tensions, De-globalization tendencies and multi-layered risks for all kinds of investments.
The eternal search for the safe system
No wonder that as an investor you are constantly on alert and that you are pursuing the financial news every day with an increasing basic nervosity. The days of the great stock exchange gurus Kostolany seem over, in which you put your money on and then watched relaxed how it increased. In the real estate industry, too, the intoxicating times of the past few years have been sobered.
For the "normal German investor" , who tried more conservatively with fixed forms of investment or broadly scattered funds and real estate to increase its money, the latest developments have the unpleasant consequence that its money can be classified as presumably securely with such a investment strategy, with the settlement of the inflation rate .
In such a setting, the alternatives slowly go out ...
The sudden attractiveness of art auctions Photo by Bill Oxford @Bill_oxford, unsplash
No wonder that many people have lost the desire for stock systems, which the Germans had only been fueled by the expansive monetary policy of the past decade (including the gold rush at Bitcoin, NFTS and Co.). In the past, financial market specialists in this area (who usually did not want to earn their pension there, but each obscure investment with “play money” , that is, did not need urgently needed money).
If the “normal man” wants to secure saved savings for the future, he currently does not have many alternatives if he does not want to make his money available to the next financial institution for use and simultaneous devaluation. Because the price of the popular and comfortable alternative system gold is now moving at a height that makes a future return appear questionable.
Alternative systems are plants in real assets, and the system in a real value always requires a profound knowledge of the object in which investments are made. If you z. B. would like to invest in real estate , you should have an idea of location assessment and location development, can assess the quality of a building fabric, can get an overview of all ancillary costs from housing benefit for the property that is inhabited to insurance and administrative costs and an overview of interest and composition; And a good nose that the provider is serious and that the property in question will gain value at your location in the future is also part of it.
Of course, you can answer all of this to a good consultant, but you are then delivered as an absolute layperson - a reason why investors repeatedly report serious losses in real estate facilities. In addition, the chaotic policy of the traffic lights and repeatedly added regulations and energy policy requirements for new construction and modernizations.
This knowledge can certainly be acquired himself, but not everyone has an interest in learning everything about the background of a real estate complex, especially not if real estate actually doesn't matter to him and he only wants to keep his saved good.
As always in life, knowledge is easiest if the learner has a real interest in the relevant object, and if he chooses an object of personal passion as an investment object, this knowledge is even available. This is exactly the reason why investments in special furniture , design objects of past decades, cars as well as rare Watches or precious porcelain or valuable art experiencing a real boom.
The resistance of the art market
When the stock market falls, the art market blooms. "
In phases of increased uncertainty, be it through wars or the return of inflation, high -quality art proves to be a value -resistant asset, the prices of which are based on rarity and social value. The historical robustness of art impressively showed itself during the global economic crisis in 1929, the Second World War, the "Dot-Com" bubble, the financial crisis in 2008 and most recently in Covid 19 pandemic.
With each of these social and economic upheavals, farsighted investors decided to diversify their portfolios with art and to use them as a form of investment to protect their assets.
This tendency can be traced back to the present. In the midst of economic turbulence such as the uncertainties triggered by global pandemics and geopolitical tensions, looking for collectors and art lovers for resistance and increasing value through timeless works of art. This can range from masterpieces of the Renaissance to modern pop art, which survive the unpredictable currents of the financial market.
Comparison of the performance of the LiveArt Index with the S&P 500 stock indices and FTSE 100, Graphics of Maddox with data from LiveArt and WSJ Markets Data
Explanations of the graphic:
LiveArt Index- auction houses, evaluation and financial companies, banks and galleries worldwide use the industry-supporting AI from LiveArt products to improve their services and expand their business. To calculate the art market, the LiveArt Index accesses over 10 million auction records that are updated in real time and live streams from the 25 largest auction houses worldwide.
S&P 500 - The S&P 500 is a stock index that includes the shares of 500 of the largest listed US companies.
FTSE 100 - The FTSE 100 Index or Financial Times Stock Exchange Index is the most important British stock index.
Maddox Gallery & Art Advisory - Maddox was launched in 2015 and quickly established itself as an important company in the field of contemporary and modern art. The company is viewed as a pioneer in the art scene and offers an outstanding advisory service for investments in art . Maddox Art Advisory customers have achieved an average annual return of 25.7 %in the past seven years.
WSJ Markets Data - The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) is the standards set for news and information from the areas of economy, finance, economy and money. The WSJ provides facts, data and information, no claims or opinions.
What are the reasons for the strong art market?
The reasons for this stable art market are diverse. High quality art is characterized by its uniqueness and cultural importance. A painting by Leonardo da Vinci or Andy Warhol is far more than a decorative object; It is a piece of history, a reflection of the time and an investment in eternity. The limited availability of such works and the increasing demand for new, global markets ensure continuous price increases and investors ensure a value -stable system.
In the context of the historical recovery of art prices after economic crises, it is not only financially wise, but also culturally enriching to deal with the fascinating world of art. Anyone who deals deeper with the epochs and styles, such as the pointed point dominated by raster points, will not only discover new investment opportunities, but also a world of unlimited aesthetic and intellectual enrichment.
Do not hesitate to continue dealing with this topic and visit exhibitions or browse in relevant galleries and auction houses. The value resistance of art is guaranteed not only through economic stability, but also through the incessant human fascination for beauty and creativity.
Art auctions on the advance
Art is of course particularly well suited as a property, it is usually not as fragile as porcelain , cannot fail and thus become worthless like a watch and in most cases is smaller than a car and also as a furniture, so the investor does not have to have a villa on a large property.
Illustration of an art auction at Christie's in London (1808)
Artuctions are therefore currently taking place almost everywhere and in unusual frequency, the auction houses are happy. Whether customers can also look forward to whether some considerations were made in the run -up to the auction.
Similar to the real estate, the art auction not only depends on expertise in relation to the art that applies to the art that applies, but also that you develop a feeling for trends beyond this interest, and you must also act in a purely commercial manner, when comparing the costs exceeding the pure purchase price from fees and ancillary costs to insurance.
An example of current fashion flow: Asian art is currently in great demand , and since more and more people are getting richer in China, demand is even increasing. However, the experts already see the reason for this gold pit that the market is actually already oversaturated in terms of works of art from China.
Against this background, it is not certain whether the buyer, who 47 million euros in a Beijing auction house for the "Adler on Kiefer" from the Chinese painters Qi Baishi , really made a worthwhile investment (apart from whether the discussion is still not ended).
The fact that they sit up with a fake in the art is certainly part of the realistic risk, and the not uncommon overvaluation of a work of art also leads to a bad investment. So you should be familiar with well, also carefully research, select your auction house in a knowledgeable manner and then let a good degree of caution be considered if you want to be happy with the acquisition of art.
African art also currently in high demand. We have already reported on the developments in this segment of the art market in our contribution African Art - the rise of African art .
The 14 most renowned auction houses in Germany
top 14 of the German auction houses for your orientation . Simply click on the cross on the left to show more information and details about the corresponding auction house. We ask for your understanding if certain addresses also fell victim to the selection.
At this point we do not perform the international international auction houses of Christie, Dorotheum, Phillips or Sotheby's . The two auction houses Christie's and Sotheby's fighting for the international throne have already treated in separate contributions.
Kunsthaus Lempertz (Cologne)
The renowned Kunsthaus Lempertz is the oldest still family -owned auction house in the world, the origins of which go back to 1798. Every year Lempertz organizes about two dozen art auctions that can also be followed online. Since 2000, the House has been a proud member of the International Auctioneers, a network of eight worldwide independent auction houses.
Works by over 10,000 artists have already been auctioned in the historical halls of this traditional house, including masterpieces by Pablo Picasso , Salvador Dalí and Gerhard Richter . Particularly noteworthy is the expertise of the Cologne house in the areas of photography, modern art, contemporary art and Asian art. In addition, important pieces from the Schwarzach collection also found their new owners.
The company headquarters at Cologne Neumarkt is something like the headquarters of an empire. The building itself, built in 1952 and has now been a symbol of the post -war onwards, is a listed building. It was founded in 1802; The first auction took place two hundred years ago in 1811.
Today Henrik Hanstein leads the fifth generation business with everything that attracts art lovers and collectors: from late Gothic sculpture to photography, from old master paintings to young avant -garde, from silver and porcelain to furniture and jewelry, old manuscripts, books and non -European art.
Lempertz maintains branches in Brussels (from next year in a fantastic auction building, built by Jules Barber in 1904), Berlin and Munich, is the only house in Germany in the network of the "International Auctioneers" - in addition to renowned houses such as Koller in Zurich and the Dorotheum in Vienna.
Lempertz is the largest and most active company of its kind in Germany - and a pioneer in many areas: with the Cologne University of Applied Sciences for Restoration, it is now initiating a compensation center for counterfeiting detection. Henrik Hanstein's daughter Alice has now entered the family business as a specialist for old masters. Lempertz goes into the sixth generation.
A second generation family company is the renowned Van Ham in the idyllic south of Cologne. Markus Eisenbeis has successfully continued the company since 1996 after taking over it from his mother Carola van Ham, who had already founded the house in 1959.
Despite a comparatively young presence on the auction market, the Van Ham family has built up an impressive international reputation. Positioned as a generalist, the focus of the house is primarily due to modern and contemporary art - two inevitable art movements in today's world. In addition, the auction house has profound expertise in the fields of fine art, post, as well as jewelry and Watches .
Almost three million euros for a painting by the Rembrandt student Gerrit Dou, 230,000 for a transformation table by David Roentgen or 134,000 for a Hamburg coin lid cup of 1695: Van Ham plays in the Champions League.
Every year, around 18 top-class auctions are on the program, supplemented by around 35 online art auctions. In 2021, works by well-known artists such as Kurt Schwitters and Paula Modersohn-Becker from Dresden were successfully auctioned. A special highlight was the auction of Andy Warhol's image series "Flowers", which achieved a revenue of almost 2.2 million euros.
Markus Eisenbeis successfully works to inspire a younger audience in addition to the modern and contemporary art also for the elegance of Biedermeier or the joie de vivre of the Baroque, for the manual finesse of a chest of chest of chest of drawers from the Rococo or the majestic dignity of a loan from Silver.
Each piece is covered with art history, every provenance checked at the Art Loss Register. And again and again there are also offers that do not require the purchase budget of a large museum.
Schönhauser Str. 10–16 | 50968 Cologne | Tel 02 21 - 925 86 20
In 1954 Wolfgang Ketterer a gallery in Stuttgart before later moving to Villa Stuck in Munich, where he exhibited works by Horst Janssen and Erich Heckel, among other things. The opening of the first auction of modern art followed in 1968, in which works by Pissarro and Degas achieved considerable five -digit sums.
Since then, Ketterer Art established itself as an indispensable part of the leading auction houses in Germany. Their extensive expertise extends over the art of the 19th century, classical modernism as well as post-war and contemporary art.
Ketterer art achieved particularly outstanding successes with German expressionists: paintings by Emil Nolde and Max Pechstein were auctioned by the auction house, which is now located in the east of Munich, for 2.5 and 3.5 million euros. In addition, the company is still significantly involved in the organization of art exhibitions.
With a specialization in the auction of valuable books, Ketterer Kunst is also successful in this area. In 2019, a Bible from the Gutenberg press was auctioned for one million euros - this is the highest sales price for a Bible so far.
In 1923, the renowned auction house Karl & Faber founded by Georg Karl and Curt by Faber du Faur, with an initial specialization in the sale and auction of books. This passion for books and the fine flair for art objects laid the foundation for a continuous success story.
After taking over by Rupert Keim and his family, the company became a synonym for professional competence and reliability in the art market under a new management. Karl & Faber shines through extensive knowledge in various art areas, such as Expressionism, the old masters , contemporary art and the very specialized provenance research .
An additional aspect that makes the auction house unique is the international presence. Karl & Faber offers its customers first -class service and access to extraordinary works of art with representative dance in art -historically important cities such as London, New York, Milan, Hamburg, Düsseldorf and Vienna.
This harmonious interplay of tradition, specialized knowledge and global reach makes Karl & Faber an unmistakable player on the international art market.
The striking water lock in half-timbered and red clinker was a place of exile for the unfaithful Princess Sophie Dorothea of Braunschweig-Lüneburg for 32 years.
Since 1975 the Berlin auctionator couple Karin and Florian Seidel have been using the historic castle as a collection point for art; In three large auctions per year, in addition to furniture and paintings from Baroque to Art Nouveau to the modern, Meissen porcelain of the 18th century and noble silver can be discovered. And sometimes the treasures of a modern painter prince ...
Great Str. 1 | 29693 Ahlden | Piktel 051 64 - 801 00
The auction house for art of all kinds "Leo Spik" in Berlin photographed by Fridolin Freudenfett (Peter Kuley) [CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
This traditional house has been family -owned for over 90 years and sees itself as a generalist from the heart: four auctions a year, and always the whole program, antique and furniture, old masters and Asiatica, silver and glass, icons, bags watches , jewelry. In other words, there is simply everything at Spik.
Kurfürstendamm 66 | 10707 Berlin | Tel 030 - 883 61 70
auction house Neumeister - a Munich institution is just a few steps from the area of the Pinakotheken The Wittelsbacher royal table service was a highlight in the history of the house, but there was always space for art from Africa and Oceania, for fashion from the 1970s or for Bavarian folk art.
Old masters and modernism are part of the program, silver and porcelain, courtly furniture and the farmer's cabinet from the Vortalpenland. For the 50th anniversary three years ago, Katrin Stoll, the daughter of the company founder Rudolf Neumeister, took over the management of the family business.
According to the tradition, it represents a wide range - and yet set fresh accents: for modern art, classic design and photography, it opened her own showroom. The "Neumeister Gallery" is also located in the art of the Pinakotheken.
A traditional company can also renew itself. At Von Zezschwitz it happens carefully. For years, the house has been a first address for friends of Art Nouveau and Art Deco - and that should stay that way: lamps and ceramics, bronze, glass, silver and always furniture from the era of flowing and budding forms form the focus of the approximately six auctions per year.
However, modern design and contemporary art have recently been enjoying greater attention, and Biedermeier and Baroque, Asiatica and Meissener porcelain can also be found on offer. So bigger width.
The art historian Graham Dry, as a long -time specialist of the house for art and handicrafts from the 19th and early 20th centuries, still causes an institution far beyond everyday business and Munich circle - for example, if he also answers the most complicated questions of his readers about provenance and price of their heirlooms in the "collector's journal".
The small auction house from the former GDR has to fight to win the suppliers and interested parties. Sometimes old master paintings are removed and come to the auction, the range of silver is large. only complains furniture
But does not do anything: the next year the officers' villa from 1857 will be completed, which the trained architect is expanding in the Radeberger suburb. Overall, the business in the six years since the auction house was founded has grown.
Bautzner Str. 6 | O1099 Dresden | Tel 03 51 - 81 19 87 87
To be auctioneer and only auctioneer - this is a principle for Karl Michael Arnold. There is no little free art trade in him: he fears the conflict of interest and avoids it.
Arnold has maintained a good neighborhood for 25 years in business, grew up in the auction house that his grandfather founded. This is also a principle: stands strong for the art academy on the Städel and auctions wine for the Red Cross-because it is fun to give the monkey really sugar and to entertain a hall full of people with the thrill of a (benefit) auction, and because commitment and good connections in a citizen city like Frankfurt mean a lot.
The offer of its nine own auctions every year is also varied: jewelry and modern art, old masters, graphics, silver, porcelain, Asiatica and of course furniture of all eras.
Bleichstr. 40–42 | 60313 Frankfurt am Main | Tel 069 - 28 27 79
Art and auction house Wilhelm M. Döbritz (Frankfurt am Main)
There are treasures and darling that Anja Döbritz-Berti gathered in the auction house that her father Wilhelm H. Döbritz founded 45 years ago in Frankfurt: important collections from the region and beyond and also valuable, highly valued individual pieces.
In three to four large auctions per year, also special auctions in the spacious branch at the Main Hall, it offers silver and porcelain, paintings and sculptures, Asiatica, carpets and furniture from Baroque to Biedermeier and Art Deco to the Danish designer Arne Jacobsen. And of course, again and again: the famous Frankfurt wave cabinets.
Braubachstr. 10–12 | 60311 Frankfurt am Main | Tel 069 - 28 77 33/069 - 21 99 62 13
A Lake Constance cabinet or a Ulm chest of drawers, silver from Augsburg or Biberach, an Alpine furniture or a view of the 19th century island - but the closer and distant neighborhood is well represented. In addition, Michael Zeller offers an unusually wide range of art and curious from all epochs and worlds, from ancient Egyptian Ushebtis to the Jukebox from Michigan, from Nymphenburg porcelain to Buddha from Vulkanstein.
And because the auction business is so colorful and versatile, the man, who began in 1968 as the youngest auctioneer in Germany, also likes a group of curious through his beautiful patrician house in the city center of Lindau and explains when you can lift your hand in one auction.
If you want to represent the treasures of the country worthy, from Ulmer Gothic to the classical modernity of a Willi Baumeister or Oskar Schlemmer - it takes space.
In the Nagel auction house there are seven floors on which it is presented, which can be bought in around 18 auctions per year. From furniture to old masters to porcelain and silver, everything that kings and industrial captains inspired is represented.
The focus is on carpets and modern art, and recently also in design - and above all: at the Asiatica. The auction of 356,000 porcelain components from the "TEK-Sing" jar, which was sunk in 1822, was spectacular, for which the house had a junise in front of Stuttgart Central Station in 2000.
And even today it can happen that a Chinese collector offers a round of million euros for a furniture from his homeland. A special orientation aid is the "nail auction price index" Nax, which offers an overview of several thousand works of art and objects online, which were auctioned at Nagel, including illustration, more precise description, estimate price and actual surcharge. The richly decorated enamel flares can be found there, offered in 2007 for 900 euros. Sold for 300,000 euros!
In 1892, the renowned architect Hans Grisebach had the Villa Grisebach built in Berlin-Charlottenburg, just a stone's throw from the Kurfürstendamm. This magnificent property served as a residence and as a studio. Almost a century later, in 1986, five respected art dealers opened the renowned auction house Grisebach .
Already in the founding year, Grisebach generated significant profits and quickly established itself as the leading player on the German art market of the 20th century and classical modernism. The auction house today achieves considerable sales with works of important artists such as Max Beckmann, Lyonel Feininger and renowned expressionists such as Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, Emil Nolde and Ernst Ludwig Kirchner.
In addition to top -class auctions, Grisebach also offers beginners with a passion for art to participate. The so-called THIRD floor format presents auctions of works with estimated prices of up to 3,000 euros, which have been held exclusively online since the beginning of Corona pandemic.
Grisebach maintains offices in Munich, Düsseldorf, Zurich and New York.
Fasanenstrasse 25 | 10719 Berlin | Tel 030 885 915 0
You can find more information about these auction houses as well as many other antique dealers including further recommendations on A&W 120 antique dealers .
If you are looking for a specific auction house that we have not listed here, we can warmly recommend directory of kunstmarkt.com There you will find numerous entries from Germany, Europe, North America and even Asia in alphabetical order.
Auctionata - virtual auction house (screenshot)
If you are among the absolute connoisseurs, you can of course also choose the precisely opposite path, you are looking for the object of your passion in an auction portal on the Internet that bundles the offers of several houses, and make sure that this property is not auctioned by a specialist.
If the pop art picture is auctioned between the loud Biedermeier furniture, it may well be that you get it at a really affordable price, prerequisite for such a risky game is of course that you are very familiar.
The virtual auction house auctionata / historia
The trend when buying is clearly about online shopping. This is nothing new. Whether in the fashion sector, in shoes or other areas, it is now preferred to be ordered by clicking. This also applies in the art area.
At historia / auctionata- Germany's largest online shop for art, antiques and collector's objects- for example, the virtual hammer and small treasures and rarities from the art and design sector change the owner every Friday at 6:00 p.m.
Be it a rare overseas case by Louis Vuitton, old oil painting or exquisite wines - the auctionata marketplace offers something for every taste. This platform has only recently been online and has been an online counterpart to other renowned auction houses such as Sotheby’s and Christie’s .
The auction premiere took place on December 7, 2012. A total of 98 objects were auctioned with a total proceeds of 345,000 euros.
Of course, you can not only buy, but also sell online with auctionata . The auctions consist of two services: appreciation and auctioning objects . By email you can send an estimation request to auctionata and an expert carefully examines the desired object from one of the 250 renowned and worldwide art experts, creates professional photos of your objects for the auction catalogs and issues a guarantee of authenticity. The first five estimates at Auctionata are free of charge and without obligation.
Live auctions on auctionata (screenshot)
The following advantages are characterized by auctionata:
All-round service (everything from a single source)
Authenticity guarantee (for 25 years)
Reliable and fast
Network of experts
Free pick -up service for revocation
Down payment in advance
Auctionata offers all services of a traditional art and auction house- and exclusively on the Internet. With sophisticated technology and thanks to concentrated technology, the platform in TV quality on laptops, tablets and other mobile devices comes into its own and brings its customers the auction room practically live in their living room. Auctionata is the first company to enable the authentic implementation of traditional auctions on the Internet.
250 renowned specialists from the auctionata expert network are available to everyone for free estimates of art, antiques, collector's pieces and luxury vintage articles, a 25 -year guarantee of authenticity creates security.
Catawiki - curated marketplace for online auctions
Catawiki is Europe's most visited curated marketplace for special objects
Catawiki is the most visited curated marketplace in Europe for special objects and offers over 65,000 objects in different categories, such as collectibles, art, design, jewelry, Watches , classic cars every week. The operator's mission is to offer its customers an exciting and seamless experience for the purchase and sale of special, difficult to find objects.
Regardless of your click,
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Catawiki - popular categories for online auctions
Catawiki is now active in 60 countries and his employees speak 17 languages. The operators connect buyers and sellers around the world and at the same time ensure transparency through public reviews, a secure payment platform and a committed international support team.
How does the curated marketplace work?
Sellers of objects are submitted for sale every day. Check and select only the best for auction over 240 internal experts. Each expert has many years of experience and knowledge in his field. They follow strict guidelines and evaluate all objects virtually before they are approved for auction.
Over 240 internal experts for online auctions on Catawiki
Over 1 million objects are not accepted on the platform every year to maintain the highest quality standards. The experts also provide non -binding information on the appreciation of objects.
Each object also has an accompanying description on Catawiki, which helps buyers to hand over sound commandments. It is the responsibility of the seller to ensure that the object corresponds to the description. In addition to the curation by the experts, the marketplace operators offer their buyers and sellers a number of additional services to ensure a smooth transaction and collect a corresponding fee of both.
For their services that are provided to both buyers and sellers, a seller fee of 12.5 % and a buyer fee of 9 % of the final bid is due. The buyers are obliged to bear the shipping costs and, if necessary, tariffs and taxes.
Not only the large and well -known auction houses are interesting if you are thinking about acquiring art as an investment. The large houses are generally regarded for their seriousness, but there are numerous smaller houses with an equally good reputation, which is just not quite as well known.
Most of the time, before each participation in an auction, you will listen to which auction house specializes in precisely this art movement that you are looking for: Here the providers will find the most competence in assessing your exhibits, and you will find the biggest offer.
... further criteria for the selection of an auction house
There are other criteria: when it comes to larger objects, it can bring a lot to select an auction house near your own place of residence , transport costs and transport insurance can not drive the price unimaginably.
It is also not entirely uninteresting to participate in an auction what options are offered to look at the works of art in advance . auction catalog in advance of an expired auction of the corresponding house and look at the presentation on the Internet, you can estimate whether you will receive sufficient information about a work of art that applies to your interest. In case of doubt, she can protect this from an overly quick bid of pure passion.
the fees in advance , between 20 and 22 percent are common, which are calculated and deducted from the surcharge. The fees not paid to the artist can sometimes reach completely different heights.
Some contributions will soon follow about important and well -known auction houses, which may still be able to contribute one or the other thoughts that can help you choose the right auction platform.
In any case, you are faced with a knowledge: it is much more fun to rely on personal taste and then hang up a wonderful picture on the wall or to put a fascinating sculpture on the shelf that can be admired every day than to go to the bank every day to look at the shares in the depot.
As long as it is about smaller systems, which can be a little risk in the game in terms of value, you have another option: Buy young art , from artists who are still in development or are simply unknown, e.g. on Kunstplaza .
Perhaps the most exciting way to learn more about art, the fees, at least on Kunstplaza , stay in a minimal framework compared to an auction, you can continue the development of this artist and, in most cases, even enter into a direct dialogue with it!
Note: This post was updated on August 18, 2004 and fundamentally revised.
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Owner and managing director of Kunstplaza . Publicist, editor and passionate blogger in the field of art, design and creativity since 2011. Successful conclusion in web design as part of a university degree (2008). Further development of creativity techniques through courses in free drawing, expression painting and theatre/acting. Profound knowledge of the art market through many years of journalistic research and numerous collaborations with actors/institutions from art and culture.
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