The tree as a symbol in art – what meaning lies behind this traditional motif?

Trees have played a significant role in art since the beginning of time. Famous examples include the Tree of Knowledge and the Tree of Enlightenment .

also in art the axis of the world . Many art exhibitions take precisely these narratives as their theme. A particular focus is often placed on the special relationship between trees and humans .

Trees are found in almost all of art history. A closer look quickly reveals that trees can be viewed from very different perspectives, for example as symbols of inspiration and science , or as signs of the connection between the human and the supernatural .

But what meaning – or rather, what meanings – actually lie behind the traditional tree motif in detail?

The diverse symbolism of the tree

Trees are considered reliable companions in life . They provide oxygen, shade, and serve as a valuable haven of peace when everyday life becomes hectic. In culture, the tree represents a powerful symbol. It is understood as a sign of strength and power, and is also considered a repository of knowledge. Furthermore, there is always something mystical surrounding the tree. When ecological problems arise, the tree also serves as a harbinger.

For centuries, people have understood trees as a symbol of their relationship with nature. Their own identity is also often linked to trees. Consequently, the themes associated with trees in art are extremely diverse.

It can be understood as an ecological statement, it can express rationally experienced concepts, and it can also be used as a source of spirituality. For this reason, the powerful symbolism of trees can also be used when it comes to giving a loved one a very special gift. More information can be found at https://baumgeschenk.de/ .

Tree motifs in art history: A brief overview

Tree motifs have a long and fascinating history in art. From ancient paintings to modern artworks, trees have always held special significance for artists. A connection to nature and the cycle of life are just some of the aspects that can be expressed through tree motifs in art.

Trees have always been an integral part of folklore, symbolizing growth, seasonal death, and rebirth. Even today, for some ethnic groups, a tree is a totem, a mystical distant ancestor of a tribe. Sacred trees naturally possessed a magical power. One might assume that some of this magic is inherited from paintings depicting trees.

Different trees symbolize different qualities and emphasize the overall meaning of a painting.

Symbolism in early folklore

The structure of a tree could thus embody early views on the order of the universe: the roots were considered the underworld, a trunk the earth, and a treetop the sky.

Many folklore figures reached heaven by climbing the branches of trees. For this reason, a tree has become a popular symbol—the tree of life —and has been integrated into artistic culture, as it forms the basis for traditional ornamental patterns for most ethnic groups.

Humanity, in a sense, achieved spiritual enlightenment and salvation, thereby reaching the top of the Tree of Life. It is believed that medieval depictions of Christ nailed to a tree, but not a cross, are related to this.

Trees have played a significant role in literature, particularly in Christian literature. The Tree of Knowledge is frequently mentioned, and countless books have been written about trees and their meaning.

The tree as a religious and spiritual symbol

An early example of the tree as a religious or spiritual symbol is shown when Siddhartha embarks on a quest for his soul while sitting beneath the peepal tree, now known the Bodhi tree

The artistic language of Christianity originally incorporated and transformed pagan symbolism. Since most believers were illiterate, they needed a clear representation of the details depicted in icons in order to understand the essence of Holy Scripture.

As a result, a certain botanical handbook was published. For example, the acacia symbolizes the chastity of the Holy and Immaculate Virgin Mary; the almond signifies the coming of God; the cedar embodies the image of Christ; the chestnut stands for chastity; the elm is a symbol of generosity and commitment; the fir tree signifies patience; the lemon tree symbolizes love and fidelity; the olive tree symbolizes peace; an orange blossom is associated with innocence, chastity, and generosity; the walking stick is a symbol of humility and holy passion; the willow is associated with the Holy Bible.

The palm branch often adorns allegorical depictions of victory and glory in honor of the victors and is associated with triumph. In Christianity, the palm is linked to salvation and life in paradise and is usually depicted in paintings of the entry into Jerusalem.

For example, in the painting "The Baptism of Christ" , which Andrea del Verrocchio and his pupil Leonardo da Vinci , a palm tree is depicted in the background, symbolizing salvation.

The Tree of Life and its mythological-religious interpretations

The Tree of Life , or World Tree, is a widespread symbol and mythical motif in religious history. It is closely linked to the reinterpretation of tree cults and fertility symbolism, as well as to creation myths and genealogy. The cosmic order is represented by the Tree of Life in numerous mythologies of various cultures.

As the world axis (axis mundi), the Tree of Life stands at the center of the world and connects the three realms of heaven, earth, and underworld. Its roots extend deep into the earth, and its crown touches or supports the sky.

In the Western world's Bible, the Tree of Life is the most widespread representation of this tree, while it plays a significant role in classical shamanism. The World Tree is the center of the world and connects the physical world with the original world in its primordial state, which was not yet separated from the heavens. Through the World Tree, the shaman can establish a connection to the center of creation and embark on a journey to the realms of spirits and gods.

The Tree of Life also serves as the resting place of deceased shamans, from which the soul leaves the body to enter the realm of spirits. In art, the Tree of Life is often depicted as an ornament and has changed over time.

Originally, the entire tree was depicted; later, only branches, stems, or bouquets of flowers were shown. These decorative elements are often depicted together with Adam and Eve, pairs of animals, or growing out of a heart.

Trees as a motif in romantic landscape painting

The romantic landscape painters of the 18th and 19th centuries were so obsessed with nature and the sky above it that the critic John Ruskin called the frenzy "modern cloud worship" .

They also saw themes to express the spiritual and to give meaning to every tree and every boulder.

As in Victorian flower terminology, certain trees have their own symbolism. Reverend William Gilpin, an artist and clergyman, explained that it was "no exaggeration to call a tree the grandest and most beautiful of all the earth's products." In the form of the tree, artists found expressions of life, death, and the great beyond.

“A Dialogue with Nature” Morgan ’s paper collection and the Courtauld Gallery in London , emphasizing this “cult of nature .” It explores some of the meanings of trees in Romantic art, which are addressed in the exhibition as well as in the landscape tradition of the period.

Impressive examples of the tree in art

Giovanni Segantini, , depicted the tree in his work "The Evil Mothers" in the form of a rather gloomy memorial, suggesting eternity as punishment.

Emilie Mediz-Pelikan 's work "Flowering Chestnuts" . These examples make it clear that numerous different qualities can be projected onto the symbol of the tree in art.

In 2014, Nilbar Güres the work "Headstanding Totem ." This piece presents a highly contemporary interpretation of a mythical creature that maintains a very special connection to the tree. The intention can be understood as encouraging people to treat their environment with greater sensitivity.

Tree symbolism – more relevant than ever before

Art that draws on the powerful symbolism of the tree invites a deep engagement with spiritual concepts. It also invariably connects to philosophical approaches or inspiring forms of expression.

The tree motif in art is particularly interesting in our time, when humanity is not only threatened by the climate crisis, but this crisis is also significantly exacerbated by deforestation and forest fires. This is underscored in many works by the conscious use of sustainable strategies and materials

This important artistic motif can therefore no longer be analyzed solely from a theoretical or art historical perspective, but also promotes discussion about the relationship between man and the environment.

It has never been as urgent as it is today to consider the conditions in which future generations will live.

Joachim Rodriguez y Romero

Owner and Managing Director of Kunstplaza. Journalist, editor, and passionate blogger in the field of art, design, and creativity since 2011. Successful completion of a degree in web design as part of a university study (2008). Further development of creativity techniques through courses in free drawing, expressive painting, and theatre/acting. Profound knowledge of the art market through years of journalistic research and numerous collaborations with actors/institutions from art and culture.

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